Cesium 通过点击获取经纬度及绘制点线面

Cesium WebGIS 三维地图 JavaScript 交互
技术教程
发布日期:   2026-04-15
文章字数:   2.9k
阅读时长:   14 分
阅读次数:  

Cesium 通过点击获取经纬度及绘制点线面

一、前言

在Cesium三维地球应用中，通过鼠标点击获取经纬度坐标是一个基础且重要的功能。本文将详细介绍如何使用Cesium的点击事件来获取经纬度，并在此基础上实现点击绘制点、线、面等几何元素的功能。

二、环境准备

在开始之前，请确保你已经按照之前的教程搭建了Cesium + Vite项目环境：

  • Cesium：^1.128.0
  • vite-plugin-cesium：^1.2.23
  • Vue3：^3.5.13
  • Node.js：v22.13.0 或更高版本
  • pnpm：10.5.0 或更高版本
  • turf.js：^6.5.0 或更高版本（用于地理空间分析）

安装turf.js：

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pnpm add @turf/turf

三、基础点击事件获取经纬度

1. 创建点击事件处理器

Cesium提供了ScreenSpaceEventHandler类来处理屏幕空间事件，我们可以使用它来监听鼠标点击操作。

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// 创建点击事件处理器
const handler = new Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventHandler(viewer.scene.canvas);

// 监听左键点击事件
handler.setInputAction(function (event) {
  // 获取点击位置的笛卡尔坐标
  const cartesian = viewer.camera.pickEllipsoid(
    event.position,
    viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid,
  );

  if (Cesium.defined(cartesian)) {
    // 将笛卡尔坐标转换为地理坐标（弧度制）
    const cartographic = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(cartesian);

    // 将弧度转换为度数
    const longitude = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.longitude);
    const latitude = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.latitude);
    const height = cartographic.height;

    console.log(
      `经度: ${longitude.toFixed(6)}, 纬度: ${latitude.toFixed(6)}, 高度: ${height.toFixed(2)}`,
    );
  }
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);

2. 坐标转换原理

Cesium中的坐标转换过程如下：

  1. 屏幕坐标：鼠标点击的屏幕像素位置
  2. 笛卡尔坐标：通过pickEllipsoid()方法将屏幕坐标转换为三维笛卡尔坐标
  3. 地理坐标：通过Cartographic.fromCartesian()将笛卡尔坐标转换为地理坐标（弧度制）
  4. 经纬度：通过Math.toDegrees()将弧度转换为度数

四、点击绘制点

基础点绘制

在获取点击位置后，可以在该位置绘制一个点：

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let handler = new Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventHandler(viewer.scene.canvas);

handler.setInputAction(function (event) {
  const cartesian = viewer.camera.pickEllipsoid(
    event.position,
    viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid,
  );

  if (Cesium.defined(cartesian)) {
    const cartographic = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(cartesian);
    const longitude = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.longitude);
    const latitude = Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.latitude);

    // 在点击位置绘制点
    viewer.entities.add({
      position: cartesian,
      point: {
        pixelSize: 10,
        color: Cesium.Color.RED,
        outlineColor: Cesium.Color.WHITE,
        outlineWidth: 2,
      },
      label: {
        text: `经度: ${longitude.toFixed(4)}\n纬度: ${latitude.toFixed(4)}`,
        font: "12pt sans-serif",
        fillColor: Cesium.Color.WHITE,
        outlineColor: Cesium.Color.BLACK,
        outlineWidth: 2,
        pixelOffset: new Cesium.Cartesian2(0, -20),
        verticalOrigin: Cesium.VerticalOrigin.TOP,
      },
    });
  }
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);

五、点击绘制线

连续点击绘制线

实现连续点击绘制线的功能，需要记录点击的点：

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let points = [];
let currentLine = null;

handler.setInputAction(function (event) {
  const cartesian = viewer.camera.pickEllipsoid(
    event.position,
    viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid,
  );

  if (Cesium.defined(cartesian)) {
    points.push(cartesian);

    // 绘制点标记
    viewer.entities.add({
      position: cartesian,
      point: {
        pixelSize: 8,
        color: Cesium.Color.RED,
      },
    });

    // 如果有两个或更多点，绘制线
    if (points.length >= 2) {
      if (currentLine) {
        viewer.entities.remove(currentLine);
      }

      currentLine = viewer.entities.add({
        polyline: {
          positions: points,
          width: 3,
          material: Cesium.Color.BLUE,
          clampToGround: true,
        },
      });
    }
  }
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);

// 右键点击结束绘制
handler.setInputAction(function () {
  points = [];
  currentLine = null;
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.RIGHT_CLICK);

六、点击绘制面

连续点击绘制多边形

实现连续点击绘制多边形的功能：

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let polygonPoints = [];
let currentPolygon = null;

handler.setInputAction(function (event) {
  const cartesian = viewer.camera.pickEllipsoid(
    event.position,
    viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid,
  );

  if (Cesium.defined(cartesian)) {
    polygonPoints.push(cartesian);

    // 绘制点标记
    viewer.entities.add({
      position: cartesian,
      point: {
        pixelSize: 8,
        color: Cesium.Color.RED,
      },
    });

    // 如果有三个或更多点，绘制多边形
    if (polygonPoints.length >= 3) {
      if (currentPolygon) {
        viewer.entities.remove(currentPolygon);
      }

      currentPolygon = viewer.entities.add({
        polygon: {
          hierarchy: polygonPoints,
          material: Cesium.Color.GREEN.withAlpha(0.5),
          outline: true,
          outlineColor: Cesium.Color.BLACK,
          outlineWidth: 2,
          heightReference: Cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
        },
      });
    }
  }
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);

// 右键点击结束绘制
handler.setInputAction(function () {
  polygonPoints = [];
  currentPolygon = null;
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.RIGHT_CLICK);

自动闭合多边形

实现点击自动闭合多边形的功能：

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let polygonPoints = [];
let currentPolygon = null;

handler.setInputAction(function(event) {
  const cartesian = viewer.camera.pickEllipsoid(event.position, viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid);

  if (Cesium.defined(cartesian)) {
    polygonPoints.push(cartesian);

    viewer.entities.add({
      position: cartesian,
      point: {
        pixelSize: 8,
        color: Cesium.Color.RED
      }
    });

    if (polygonPoints.length >= 3) {
      if (currentPolygon) {
        viewer.entities.remove(currentPolygon);
      }

      currentPolygon = viewer.entities.add({
        polygon: {
          hierarchy: new Cesium.PolygonHierarchy(polygonPoints),
          material: Cesium.Color.BLUE.withAlpha(0.4),
          outline: true,
          outlineColor: Cesium.Color.WHITE,
          outlineWidth: 3,
          heightReference: Cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND
        }
      });
    }
  }
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);

// 双击结束绘制并自动闭合
handler.setInputAction(function() {
  if (polygonPoints.length >= 3) {
    // 自动闭合多边形
    if (currentPolygon) {
      viewer.entities.remove(currentPolygon);
    }

    currentPolygon = viewer.entities.add({
      polygon: {
        hierarchy: new Cesium.PolygonHierarchy(polygonPoints),
        material: Cesium.Color.BLUE.withAlpha(0.4),
        outline: true,
        outlineColor: Cesium.Color.WHITE,
        outlineWidth: 3,
        heightReference: Cesium.HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND
      });
    }
  }
  polygonPoints = [];
  currentPolygon = null;
}, Cesium.ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_DOUBLE_CLICK);

七、使用Turf.js测量距离和面积

Turf.js是一个强大的地理空间分析库，可以与Cesium完美配合使用，实现距离测量、面积计算等功能。

1. 安装和引入Turf.js

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# 安装turf.js
pnpm add @turf/turf
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// 在Vue组件中引入turf.js
import * as turf from "@turf/turf";

2. 测量距离

使用turf.js的distance方法计算两点之间的距离：

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// 将Cesium的笛卡尔坐标转换为经纬度数组
function cartesianToLngLat(cartesian) {
  const cartographic = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(cartesian);
  return [
    Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.longitude),
    Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.latitude),
  ];
}

// 计算两点之间的距离
function calculateDistance(point1, point2) {
  const coords1 = cartesianToLngLat(point1);
  const coords2 = cartesianToLngLat(point2);

  // 使用turf.js计算距离（单位：千米）
  const distance = turf.distance(turf.point(coords1), turf.point(coords2), {
    units: "kilometers",
  });

  return distance;
}

3. 测量面积

使用turf.js的area方法计算多边形的面积：

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// 计算多边形的面积
function calculateArea(polygonPoints) {
  // 将Cesium坐标转换为GeoJSON格式
  const coords = polygonPoints.map((point) => {
    const cartographic = Cesium.Cartographic.fromCartesian(point);
    return [
      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.longitude),
      Cesium.Math.toDegrees(cartographic.latitude),
    ];
  });

  // 闭合多边形
  const closedCoords = [...coords, coords[0]];

  // 创建turf.js的多边形
  const polygon = turf.polygon([closedCoords]);

  // 计算面积（单位：平方米）
  const area = turf.area(polygon);

  return area;
}

4. Turf.js常用功能

除了距离和面积测量，turf.js还提供了丰富的地理空间分析功能：

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// 计算两点间的距离
const distance = turf.distance(
  turf.point([116.3974, 39.9093]),
  turf.point([121.4737, 31.2304]),
  { units: "kilometers" },
);

// 计算多边形面积
const polygon = turf.polygon([
  [
    [116.3974, 39.9093],
    [121.4737, 31.2304],
    [113.2644, 23.1291],
    [116.3974, 39.9093],
  ],
]);
const area = turf.area(polygon);

// 计算线的长度
const line = turf.lineString([
  [116.3974, 39.9093],
  [121.4737, 31.2304],
]);
const length = turf.length(line, { units: "kilometers" });

// 计算多边形的中心点
const centroid = turf.centroid(polygon);

// 计算缓冲区
const buffer = turf.buffer(point, 10, { units: "kilometers" });

八、完整Vue组件示例

以下是一个完整的Vue组件示例，展示了如何在Vue3 + Vite + Cesium项目中实现点击绘制和测量功能：

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<template>
  <div class="cesium-container">
    <div class="cesium-map" id="cesiumMap"></div>
    <div class="toolbar">
      <button
        @click="setDrawMode('none')"
        :class="{ active: drawMode === 'none' }"
      >
        浏览模式
      </button>
      <button
        @click="setDrawMode('point')"
        :class="{ active: drawMode === 'point' }"
      >
        绘制点
      </button>
      <button
        @click="setDrawMode('line')"
        :class="{ active: drawMode === 'line' }"
      >
        绘制线
      </button>
      <button
        @click="setDrawMode('polygon')"
        :class="{ active: drawMode === 'polygon' }"
      >
        绘制面
      </button>
      <button @click="clearDrawings">清除绘制</button>
    </div>
    <div class="info-panel" v-if="currentPosition">
      <div>经度: {{ currentPosition.longitude.toFixed(6) }}</div>
      <div>纬度: {{ currentPosition.latitude.toFixed(6) }}</div>
      <div>高度: {{ currentPosition.height.toFixed(2) }}m</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted, onUnmounted } from "vue";
import {
  Viewer,
  ScreenSpaceEventHandler,
  ScreenSpaceEventType,
  Cartesian3,
  Cartesian2,
  Cartographic,
  Color,
  Math,
  defined,
  PolygonHierarchy,
  HeightReference,
  LabelStyle,
  HorizontalOrigin,
  VerticalOrigin,
} from "cesium";
import * as turf from "@turf/turf";

let viewer = null;
let handler = null;

const drawMode = ref("none");
const confirmedPoints = ref([]); // 已经左键点击确认的点
const currentPosition = ref(null);

// 临时绘制相关（鼠标移动时的预览）
let tempShapeEntity = null;
let tempLabelEntity = null;

onMounted(() => {
  viewer = new Viewer("cesiumMap", {
    geocoder: false,
    homeButton: false,
    sceneModePicker: false,
    baseLayerPicker: false,
    navigationHelpButton: false,
    animation: false,
    timeline: false,
    fullscreenButton: false,
    vrButton: false,
    infoBox: false,
    selectionIndicator: false,
  });

  handler = new ScreenSpaceEventHandler(viewer.scene.canvas);

  // 1. 左键点击：确认一个点
  handler.setInputAction((event) => {
    if (drawMode.value === "none") return;

    const cartesian = viewer.camera.pickEllipsoid(
      event.position,
      viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid,
    );

    if (defined(cartesian)) {
      const cartographic = Cartographic.fromCartesian(cartesian);
      const longitude = Math.toDegrees(cartographic.longitude);
      const latitude = Math.toDegrees(cartographic.latitude);
      const height = cartographic.height;

      currentPosition.value = { longitude, latitude, height };

      // 绘制一个永久的红色顶点标记
      viewer.entities.add({
        position: cartesian,
        point: {
          pixelSize: 8,
          color: Color.RED,
          outlineColor: Color.WHITE,
          outlineWidth: 2,
        },
      });

      handlePointConfirmed(cartesian, longitude, latitude);
    }
  }, ScreenSpaceEventType.LEFT_CLICK);

  // 2. 鼠标移动：更新预览
  handler.setInputAction((event) => {
    if (
      drawMode.value === "none" ||
      drawMode.value === "point" ||
      confirmedPoints.value.length === 0
    ) {
      return;
    }

    const cartesian = viewer.camera.pickEllipsoid(
      event.endPosition,
      viewer.scene.globe.ellipsoid,
    );

    if (defined(cartesian)) {
      updatePreview([...confirmedPoints.value, cartesian]);
    }
  }, ScreenSpaceEventType.MOUSE_MOVE);

  // 3. 右键点击：完成绘制，创建永久实体
  handler.setInputAction(() => {
    if (drawMode.value !== "none" && confirmedPoints.value.length > 0) {
      finishDrawing();
    }
  }, ScreenSpaceEventType.RIGHT_CLICK);
});

onUnmounted(() => {
  if (handler) handler.destroy();
  if (viewer) viewer.destroy();
});

// 坐标转换：Cesium Cartesian3 数组 -> Turf [lng, lat] 数组
function cartesiansToTurfCoords(cartesians) {
  return cartesians.map((c) => {
    const carto = Cartographic.fromCartesian(c);
    return [Math.toDegrees(carto.longitude), Math.toDegrees(carto.latitude)];
  });
}

// 计算测量结果并返回标签文本和中心点
function calculateMeasurement(positions) {
  if (positions.length < 2) return null;

  const coords = cartesiansToTurfCoords(positions);
  let labelText = "";
  let centerCoords = null;

  if (drawMode.value === "line") {
    const line = turf.lineString(coords);
    const lengthM = turf.length(line) * 1000; // 转换为米

    if (lengthM < 1000) {
      labelText = `距离: ${lengthM.toFixed(2)} 米`;
    } else {
      labelText = `距离: ${(lengthM / 1000).toFixed(2)} 公里`;
    }

    centerCoords = turf.center(line).geometry.coordinates;
  } else if (drawMode.value === "polygon" && positions.length >= 3) {
    // Turf要求多边形首尾闭合
    const closedCoords = [...coords, coords[0]];
    const polygon = turf.polygon([closedCoords]);
    const areaSqm = turf.area(polygon);

    if (areaSqm < 10000) {
      labelText = `面积: ${areaSqm.toFixed(2)} ㎡`;
    } else if (areaSqm < 1000000) {
      labelText = `面积: ${(areaSqm / 10000).toFixed(2)} 公顷`;
    } else {
      labelText = `面积: ${(areaSqm / 1000000).toFixed(2)} km²`;
    }

    centerCoords = turf.center(polygon).geometry.coordinates;
  }

  if (labelText && centerCoords) {
    return {
      text: labelText,
      center: Cartesian3.fromDegrees(centerCoords[0], centerCoords[1]),
    };
  }

  return null;
}

// 创建标签实体
function createLabel(position, text) {
  return viewer.entities.add({
    position: position,
    label: {
      text: text,
      font: "bold 14pt sans-serif",
      fillColor: Color.BLACK,
      outlineColor: Color.WHITE,
      outlineWidth: 3,
      style: LabelStyle.FILL_AND_OUTLINE,
      pixelOffset: new Cartesian2(0, 0),
      horizontalOrigin: HorizontalOrigin.CENTER,
      verticalOrigin: VerticalOrigin.CENTER,
      disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
    },
  });
}

// 更新临时预览（图形+标签）
function updatePreview(positions) {
  // 清除旧的临时预览
  if (tempShapeEntity) {
    viewer.entities.remove(tempShapeEntity);
    tempShapeEntity = null;
  }
  if (tempLabelEntity) {
    viewer.entities.remove(tempLabelEntity);
    tempLabelEntity = null;
  }

  if (positions.length < 2) return;

  // 创建临时图形
  if (drawMode.value === "line") {
    tempShapeEntity = viewer.entities.add({
      polyline: {
        positions: positions,
        width: 3,
        material: Color.BLUE,
        clampToGround: true,
      },
    });
  } else if (drawMode.value === "polygon") {
    if (positions.length >= 3) {
      tempShapeEntity = viewer.entities.add({
        polygon: {
          hierarchy: new PolygonHierarchy(positions),
          material: Color.GREEN.withAlpha(0.5),
          outline: true,
          outlineColor: Color.BLACK,
          outlineWidth: 2,
          heightReference: HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
        },
      });
    } else {
      // 不够3个点时先显示线
      tempShapeEntity = viewer.entities.add({
        polyline: {
          positions: positions,
          width: 3,
          material: Color.BLUE,
          clampToGround: true,
        },
      });
    }
  }

  // 创建临时标签
  const measurement = calculateMeasurement(positions);
  if (measurement) {
    tempLabelEntity = createLabel(measurement.center, measurement.text);
  }
}

// 处理点确认
function handlePointConfirmed(cartesian, longitude, latitude) {
  if (drawMode.value === "point") {
    // 点直接创建永久实体
    viewer.entities.add({
      position: cartesian,
      point: {
        pixelSize: 12,
        color: Color.RED,
        outlineColor: Color.WHITE,
        outlineWidth: 2,
      },
      label: {
        text: `经度: ${longitude.toFixed(4)}\n纬度: ${latitude.toFixed(4)}`,
        font: "12pt sans-serif",
        fillColor: Color.WHITE,
        outlineColor: Color.BLACK,
        outlineWidth: 2,
        pixelOffset: new Cartesian2(0, -20),
        disableDepthTestDistance: Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
      },
    });
  } else {
    // 线和面：添加到确认点数组
    confirmedPoints.value.push(cartesian);

    // 点击后立即更新预览
    if (confirmedPoints.value.length >= 2) {
      updatePreview(confirmedPoints.value);
    }
  }
}

// 完成绘制：将临时实体转为永久实体
function finishDrawing() {
  // 1. 清除临时预览
  if (tempShapeEntity) {
    viewer.entities.remove(tempShapeEntity);
    tempShapeEntity = null;
  }
  if (tempLabelEntity) {
    viewer.entities.remove(tempLabelEntity);
    tempLabelEntity = null;
  }

  // 2. 创建永久的图形和标签
  const positions = confirmedPoints.value;

  if (drawMode.value === "line" && positions.length >= 2) {
    // 创建永久的线
    viewer.entities.add({
      polyline: {
        positions: positions,
        width: 3,
        material: Color.BLUE,
        clampToGround: true,
      },
    });

    // 创建永久的距离标签
    const measurement = calculateMeasurement(positions);
    if (measurement) {
      createLabel(measurement.center, measurement.text);
    }
  } else if (drawMode.value === "polygon" && positions.length >= 3) {
    // 创建永久的面
    viewer.entities.add({
      polygon: {
        hierarchy: new PolygonHierarchy(positions),
        material: Color.GREEN.withAlpha(0.5),
        outline: true,
        outlineColor: Color.BLACK,
        outlineWidth: 2,
        heightReference: HeightReference.CLAMP_TO_GROUND,
      },
    });

    // 创建永久的面积标签
    const measurement = calculateMeasurement(positions);
    if (measurement) {
      createLabel(measurement.center, measurement.text);
    }
  }

  // 3. 重置状态
  confirmedPoints.value = [];
}

// 设置绘制模式
function setDrawMode(mode) {
  // 如果正在绘制中，先完成当前绘制
  if (drawMode.value !== "none" && confirmedPoints.value.length > 0) {
    finishDrawing();
  }

  // 清除所有临时预览
  if (tempShapeEntity) {
    viewer.entities.remove(tempShapeEntity);
    tempShapeEntity = null;
  }
  if (tempLabelEntity) {
    viewer.entities.remove(tempLabelEntity);
    tempLabelEntity = null;
  }

  drawMode.value = mode;
  confirmedPoints.value = [];
}

// 清除所有绘制
function clearDrawings() {
  viewer.entities.removeAll();
  confirmedPoints.value = [];
  tempShapeEntity = null;
  tempLabelEntity = null;
  currentPosition.value = null;
}
</script>

<style scoped>
.cesium-container {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100vh;
}

.cesium-map {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.toolbar {
  position: absolute;
  top: 20px;
  left: 20px;
  z-index: 1000;
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 10px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.toolbar button {
  padding: 8px 16px;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  background: white;
  cursor: pointer;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: all 0.3s;
}

.toolbar button:hover {
  background: #f0f0f0;
}

.toolbar button.active {
  background: #007bff;
  color: white;
  border-color: #007bff;
}

.info-panel {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 20px;
  right: 20px;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 15px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  min-width: 200px;
}

.info-panel div {
  margin: 5px 0;
  font-size: 14px;
}
</style>

点击绘制和测量

文章作者: 栖桐听雨声
文章链接: https://dfamemaster.github.io/post/cesium-tong-guo-dian-ji-huo-qu-jing-wei-du
版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特別声明外，均采用 CC BY 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来源 栖桐听雨声 !
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